Errors and exceptions are an inevitable part of software development. In Python, errors can occur at both compile time and runtime.
Compile-time errors, also known as syntax errors, occur when the code is being compiled and are usually due to typos, syntax errors, or other problems in the code. For example, a syntax error occurs when you forget to close a parenthesis or misspell a keyword.
Runtime errors, also known as exceptions, occur when the program is running and are usually due to logical errors, such as dividing by zero, or unexpected input or output. In Python, exceptions are raised by calling the raise statement.
To handle exceptions in Python, you can use a try/except block. The try block contains the code that might raise an exception, and the except block contains the code that is executed if an exception is raised.
Here’s an example:
try:
x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
y = int(input("Enter another number: "))
print(x / y)
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero.")In this example, we use a try/except block to handle two types of exceptions: ValueError and ZeroDivisionError. If the user enters an invalid input, the ValueError exception is raised and the program prints “Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.” If the user enters zero for the second number, the ZeroDivisionError exception is raised and the program prints “Cannot divide by zero.”
In summary, errors and exceptions are an inevitable part of software development in Python. Compile-time errors occur when the code is being compiled, and runtime errors occur when the program is running. To handle exceptions in Python, you can use a try/except block, which contains the code that might raise an exception and the code that is executed if an exception is raised.